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The Effect of Constitutional Law on Women's Access to Political Leadership: A Case Study of Otukpo Local Government Area, Benue State

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Background of the Study

The 1999 Nigerian Constitution guarantees equality for all citizens, yet gender disparities in political leadership persist, particularly at the local government level. In Otukpo Local Government Area of Benue State, women's representation in political leadership remains disproportionately low. The constitutional principle of gender equality guarantees equal rights, but societal attitudes, cultural norms, and discriminatory practices continue to hinder women's political participation and leadership (Olufunke & Adedeji, 2024).

Despite the constitutional and international commitments to promoting gender equality in political representation, women in Otukpo face numerous obstacles, including lack of access to political networks, limited political education, and gender-based violence that curtail their aspirations for political leadership. The constitutional framework provides opportunities for women's empowerment and political participation, but the extent to which these provisions have been effective in Otukpo is questionable. This study seeks to evaluate the impact of constitutional law on women’s access to political leadership in Otukpo LGA and to identify the barriers that women face in achieving political leadership positions.

1.2 Statement of the Problem

Despite the constitutional guarantees for gender equality and women’s participation in politics, women in Otukpo LGA continue to be underrepresented in political leadership roles. The political system remains dominated by male politicians, and cultural practices and gender discrimination limit women’s access to political opportunities. This study aims to examine how constitutional law can address these barriers and evaluate the effectiveness of legal provisions in promoting women's political leadership in Otukpo LGA.

1.3 Objectives of the Study

  1. To assess the impact of constitutional law on women's access to political leadership in Otukpo LGA.

  2. To identify the barriers hindering women’s political participation and leadership in Otukpo LGA.

  3. To propose legal reforms that can enhance women's representation and leadership in political offices at the local government level.

1.4 Research Questions

  1. How does constitutional law influence women's access to political leadership in Otukpo LGA?

  2. What are the major barriers preventing women's access to political leadership in Otukpo LGA?

  3. What legal reforms can improve women's access to political leadership in Otukpo LGA?

1.5 Research Hypotheses

  1. H₀: Constitutional law does not significantly enhance women's access to political leadership in Otukpo LGA.

  2. H₁: Cultural norms, discriminatory practices, and lack of political education significantly hinder women's political leadership in Otukpo LGA.

  3. H₂: Legal reforms promoting gender equality and political education will significantly enhance women's access to political leadership in Otukpo LGA.

1.6 Significance of the Study

This study will contribute to the ongoing efforts to promote gender equality in Nigerian politics, offering valuable insights into the constitutional role in promoting women's access to leadership. The findings will inform policy makers, activists, and women's advocacy groups on strategies to enhance gender inclusivity in political leadership.

1.7 Scope and Limitations of the Study

The study focuses on Otukpo Local Government Area, Benue State, and evaluates the impact of constitutional law on women's access to political leadership at the local government level. It does not address national or state-level policies beyond Otukpo LGA.

1.8 Operational Definition of Terms

  1. Political Leadership: The capacity to lead or hold political office in governance structures, including local government councils and elected positions.

  2. Constitutional Law: The legal framework established by the 1999 Nigerian Constitution that guarantees gender equality and political participation.

  3. Gender Equality: The equal access to rights, opportunities, and representation for both men and women in all areas of social, political, and economic life.





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